Biomechanical Analysis and Occupational Health Strategies in Otorhinolaryngology: A Systematic Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: The surgical profession in Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) is currently facing a “silent epidemic” of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs), which significantly threatens practitioner longevity and patient safety.

Objective: This analysis provides a comprehensive examination of the ergonomic landscape in otorhinolaryngology, focusing on the synthesis of epidemiological data, biomechanical mechanisms of injury (specifically prolonged static postures), and evidence-based interventions required to sustain a surgical career.

Results: The cervical spine is the most vulnerable anatomical region for ENT specialists, with some surveys reporting a lifetime prevalence of neck complaints as high as 92.53%. Female surgeons face a disproportionately high risk due to anthropometric challenges, such as instruments designed for the average male hand.

Conclusion: A sustainable transition to ergonomic excellence requires a multi-level strategy at the individual level, the educational level and the institutional level.