Misleading Mimicry – Melioidosis: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Melioidosis is an emerging infection in India caused by the gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is a multisystem disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity but has an excellent prognosis if diagnosed early and managed appropriately.

Case Report: A 15-year-old female presented with a cervical abscess that failed to respond to routine antibiotic therapy and progressively worsened until the correct diagnosis was established. Culture of pus obtained after surgical drainage identified Burkholderia pseudomallei. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ceftazidime followed by oral co-trimoxazole according to culture sensitivity.

Conclusion: Head and neck melioidotic abscesses are frequently mistaken for tuberculous cold abscesses in countries such as India where tuberculosis is endemic. Since the treatment strategies differ considerably, early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent fatal outcomes.